Tag Archives: sustainable living

Permaculture: The Growing Edge film showing in Glastonbury

Our Transition Glastonbury Food group have organised a film showing of newly released documentary – Permaculture: The Growing Edge. Following the film will be a talk from local world-renowned permaculture designer, Patrick Whitefield.

It will take place at 7:30pm at Tor Leisure on Tuesday 5th July.

About the film:
Described as an antidote to environmental despair, Permaculture: The Growing Edge, showcases examples of inspiring, effective projects including everything from cleaning up oil spills with mushrooms, inner city gardening, natural building to edible playgrounds. Pagan political activist, Starhawk introduces permaculture as a solution for a sustainable future.
If you’ve ever wondered what ‘permaculture’ is or what it means then now is your chance to find out. Prepare to be inspired.

My Week at CAT, part 4, Sewage treatment

The second day of the eco sewage and sanitation course was on sewage treatment. My advice for anyone taking this course next year is, don’t get drunk the night before!! The friday night party feeling took over me and I spent the entire Saturday with a hangover, you guessed it, looking at shit (all self-inflicted of course).

Nevertheless I still managed to concentrate (I think) and gain an understanding that actually sewage treatment really can be life and death and is something that needs to be taken seriously. There’s all sorts of nasties – pathogens, viruses and so forth as wells as eutrophication causing nutrient overloads. Other environmental impacts of sewage include storm sewage overflows (which if you ever go surfing in Cornwall you will know about – the day after the storm its like tampon city in the atlantic ocean).

There’s all sorts of ways of measuring the quality of effluent so you know how clean it really needs to be, such as turbidity (suspended solids – lovely phrase), odour measuring ammonia and biotic classifications, which measure the biology of the water (as certain organisms live in dirty water etc.)

I never knew how much food waste contributes to excess nutrients in the water ways, as a vegan I get quite used to blaming animal farmers on things like that but now I know to scrape my plate before washing up that’s for sure!

Sludge!

Things to think about if you want to set up an independent sewage treatment system:
- money
- physical aspects e.g. land area, soils, water table, levels, discharge point
- client acceptability – how proactive do they have to be?
- regulations – there’s all sorts to consider such as pipework requirements and gradients, do your research!

Primary treatment

This removes suspended soils from water (which can be prevented with the compost loo of course) otherwise main systems include septic tanks and aquatron separators (which are the business!). These things separate out the urine and let the solids fall down to be composted, and they’re pretty exciting to look at if you’re a sanitation junkie like Judith. There’s all sorts of other elements to consider however like floating crusts, sinking solids, sludge management… can you see how this was difficult with a hangover?

Secondary treatment

The aim of secondary treatment is to treat liquids to a discharge standard. Similar factors influence this also, such as soil porosity, the height of the water table, cost and effluent quality requirements and so forth.

Options include systems that filter, such as leachfields and soakaways, drainage bounds, wetlands and so forth, otherwise there are package treatment plans, trench arches, anaerobic digestion and pond systems.

Filters are vital to mechanically remove solids but also to create a cosy place to live for microorganisms (biofilms – sounds like a german organic soya yoghurt or something!). We explored each of the above in turn which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

We also explored the degree of centralisation within systems, for example do we really need to design off-grid sewage systems for single households or should design them on a community level? Judith recommends mains sewage if you have the option, however with new developments regularly, especially low impact developments, it is useful to have an understanding of the alternatives to the mains.

My week at CAT, part 3, Compost Toilets

Two chambers underneath

Where are we flushing away a large amount of drinking quality water? Down the loo of course! Hence the beauty of compost toilets. Get one of those bad boys and you can really start to become more water efficient. However they are not always a possibility for many and they do have their own requirements such as space and social acceptance.

I always though compost loos were pretty straight forward but there are a whole host of products on the market that aim to make compost loos adaptable for the ‘modern home’. The basic premise is the same though – that human excrement falls into a composting chamber beneath the loo and all the organisms below have a feast. Bacteria, worms, fungi and others use this organic matter as a food source and break it down into humus or compost.

Another of CAT's compost loos

A ‘soak’, such as sawdust or other carbon rich material is scooped on after one has done their business, to help achieve optimum composting conditions. Urine is ideally separated out to control moisture levels and most compost loos have some kind of ventilation system, whether that’s a proper fan or panels missing for air circulation.

The composting process kills the pathogens in the excreta and the finished compost should be safe and free from odour. This ‘humanure’ can be removed every year and used to help nourish plants.

Important things to consider are:
- location – things like height and so forth
- access
- removal – how do you get the damn stuff out?
- drainage
- urine separation
- soak materials availability
- aesthetics – the most pretty compost loo I’ve ever seen was at Karuna, with a gorgeous driftwood cover, shells, poetry you name it.. I didn’t want to leave!

The aquatron (it's the business)

There’s a whole bunch of resources out there that detail the different compost toilets on the market and how to build your own. Some good books that explore all of these points can be found here.

My Week at CAT, Part 2, Water efficiency

IMG_4190The first day of the Eco sewage and sanitation course focused on water efficiency and composting toilets. I touched on this in my last post but the main point is that without getting to the nitty gritty of reducing your water use, efforts to recycle water are in vein.

The first talk of the day was from Dr Judith Thornton on Water efficiency, legislation and alternative approaches and why water efficiency is even needed – mainly because much of England is under water stress but also due to the greenhouse gas emissions involved in increasing supply. Having to resort to things like desalination plants are a bit of an energy nightmare and other options such as direct ground water abstraction also come with their own environmental impacts.

We went over the basic legislation involved in water supply such as the Water Supply Regs 1999, Building Regs Part G and the new Code for Sustainable Homes. We were also introduced to the somewhat bizarre water calculator spreadsheet with its intriguing logic of how to calculate water use including its very own fudge factor.

Judith recommended the AECB Water Standards as generally being a more common sense approach, meaning calculations do not contribute to trade offs or sacrificial fittings, as well as taking things like regional water scarcity into account.

Practical ways to reduce water demand we talked about include:

*Plumbing pipe work - by minimising ‘dead legs’, that is design to have the minimum distance between the hot water cylinder and the point of use, to not waste energy heating it up and moving it around. Insulate pipes, again to save energy.

* Flow regulation- by fitting control valves, limiting water to a maximum flow rate (really easy to install – minimum effort for maximum effect and all that permaculture logic).

*Install water efficient toilets – such as compost loos or in situations where this isn’t possible you can get all sorts of jazzy things like waterless urinals and low flush toilets. A delayed inlet valve in your cistern can also save 1-3litres of water per flush.

*Taps – aerator fittings can reduce flow and taps with ‘water brakes’ discourage wastage too.

*Showers and baths - aside from not washing (that includes you crusty punks out there), showers will reduce water use, and you can fit heads that reduce flow even more. Or if possible if you are loved up you could always share a bath!

Thousands inspired by Permaculture learning centres

This article has recently been published in Positive News, Issue 67, Spring 2011. To subscribe please see here or pick up a copy at your local whole food store, community centre or environmental project.

As part of the LAND project, launched by the Permaculture Association a little over two years ago, more than 7,000 visitors and 4,000 volunteers have now been supported in learning from and taking part in established permaculture projects.

A network of publicly accessible LAND learning centres around England continues to grow, and now at its halfway point, the success of the 4-year scheme is being celebrated.

There are currently 27 learning centres, with another 15 to be formalised this spring, as well as 13 in an earlier stage of establishment. The LAND centres are becoming the beating hearts of the permaculture network, offering a chance for people to taste the produce, see the landscape and start to understand the principles and design logic behind the projects.

Across England, from southern Cornwall to Northern Yorkshire, each centre is unique and as such, offers different skills and knowledge to visitors, be it woodland management, mushroom cultivation, wild food harvesting or salad growing. Projects vary from permaculture home gardens and inner-city forest gardens to community and public spaces, allotments, smallholdings and broad-scale organic farms.

Funded by a grant from the Big Lottery Fund’s Local Food scheme, the LAND project offers financial and practical support to schools and food growing or community groups in carrying out visits. Senior citizens, high school students and village gardening clubs are all seizing the opportunity, say the Permaculture Association.

The projects are also supported as hosts for events and benefit from an increased web presence and promotion, as well as advice from experienced practitioners. Becoming a recognised centre can also help groups with challenges such as planning permission and fundraising.

By increasing the visibility of permaculture, the LAND Project is also helping the Permaculture Association to bring in the support of more members and donations as the work becomes more widely recognised as viable and desirable. Long term, the project co-ordinators hope to extend funding to cover both Wales and Scotland.

“The LAND network is going from strength to strength,” says Louise Cartright, project co-ordinator, “People are really starting to see it in action themselves.”

More information:
The Permaculture Association,
London, WC1N 3XX
Tel: 0845 458 1805
www.permaculture.org.uk